{"id":3139,"date":"2024-11-21T10:24:35","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T02:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/?p=3139"},"modified":"2024-11-21T10:58:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T02:58:10","slug":"definirea-si-calcularea-poluarii-usoare-moderate-si-grele-pentru-centralele-fotovoltaice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/definition-and-calculation-of-light-moderate-and-heavy-pollution-for-pv-power-stations\/","title":{"rendered":"Definirea \u0219i calcularea polu\u0103rii u\u0219oare, moderate \u0219i puternice pentru centralele fotovoltaice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nivelul de contaminare al centralelor fotovoltaice afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod direct eficien\u021ba gener\u0103rii de energie \u0219i beneficiile economice ale acestora. Pentru o mai bun\u0103 gestionare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere a centralelor fotovoltaice, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 defini\u021biile \u0219i metodele de calcul ale polu\u0103rii u\u0219oare, moderate \u0219i severe, precum \u0219i recomand\u0103rile privind frecven\u021ba de cur\u0103\u021bare \u00een diferite scenarii, bazate pe recomand\u0103rile robo\u021bilor de cur\u0103\u021bare.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Poluare u\u0219oar\u0103<\/h2>\n<h3>Defini\u0163ie:<\/h3>\n<p>Poluarea u\u0219oar\u0103 se refer\u0103 la acumularea minim\u0103 de contaminan\u021bi pe suprafa\u021ba panourilor solare, av\u00e2nd un impact mic asupra eficien\u021bei gener\u0103rii de energie. Aceasta include de obicei praf u\u0219or, pete mici sau excremente minore de p\u0103s\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2265 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Solar-panel.png\" alt=\"Echipament automat de cur\u0103\u021bare solar\u0103\" width=\"741\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Solar-panel.png 741w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Solar-panel-300x170.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Indicatori de evaluare:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Acumulare de contaminan\u021bi: \u2264 50 mg\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n<li>Indicele de pierdere a solului (SLI): SLI mediu lunar &lt; 2%.<\/li>\n<li>Pierdere zilnic\u0103 de sol (DSL): DSL &lt; 1%.<\/li>\n<li>Eroare relativ\u0103 (RE): RE \u2264 5%.<\/li>\n<li>Eroarea medie p\u0103tratic\u0103 (RMSE): RMSE \u2264 10\u00b9TP\u00b3T.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Formule de calcul:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eroare relativ\u0103 (ER)<\/strong>:\n<pre>RE = (X - Y) \/ X * 100%<\/pre>\n<p>Unde X este produc\u021bia zilnic\u0103 real\u0103 de energie fotovoltaic\u0103, iar Y este produc\u021bia zilnic\u0103 estimat\u0103 de energie fotovoltaic\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eroarea medie p\u0103tratic\u0103 (RMSE)<\/strong>:\n<pre>RMSE = sqrt(1\/n * sum((X_i - Y_i)\u00b2))<\/pre>\n<p>Unde X_i este generarea zilnic\u0103 real\u0103 de energie fotovoltaic\u0103, Y_i este generarea zilnic\u0103 preconizat\u0103 de energie fotovoltaic\u0103, iar n este num\u0103rul de elemente din e\u0219antionul de testare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recomand\u0103ri privind frecven\u021ba de cur\u0103\u021bare:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zone de\u0219ertice<\/strong>S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal, din cauza furtunilor frecvente de nisip care duc la acumularea rapid\u0103 de poluare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone rurale<\/strong>La fiecare 2 luni, deoarece zonele rurale sunt relativ curate, cu praf \u0219i excremente de p\u0103s\u0103ri minore.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone urbane<\/strong>Lunar, deoarece zonele urbane au o poluare a aerului mai ridicat\u0103 \u0219i o acumulare rapid\u0103 de contaminan\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone industriale<\/strong>S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal, din cauza cantit\u0103\u021bilor mari de poluan\u021bi emi\u0219i care provoac\u0103 murd\u0103rirea rapid\u0103 a panoului.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zonele de coast\u0103<\/strong>La fiecare 3 luni, deoarece umiditatea mai mare cu impact minim al s\u0103rii \u0219i precipita\u021biile naturale cur\u0103\u021b\u0103 panourile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone agricole<\/strong>La fiecare 2 luni, deoarece sunt prezente reziduuri de pesticide \u0219i praf, dar poluarea general\u0103 este mai sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Poluare moderat\u0103<\/h2>\n<h3>Defini\u0163ie:<\/h3>\n<p>Poluarea moderat\u0103 implic\u0103 acumularea semnificativ\u0103 de contaminan\u021bi pe panourile solare, afect\u00e2nd vizibil eficien\u021ba gener\u0103rii de energie. De obicei, aceasta implic\u0103 straturi mai groase de praf, pete vizibile sau mai multe excremente de p\u0103s\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2367 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Clean_vs_dusty_opt.jpeg\" alt=\"Curat_vs_pr\u0103fuit\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Clean_vs_dusty_opt.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Clean_vs_dusty_opt-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Clean_vs_dusty_opt-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Indicatori de evaluare:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Acumulare de contaminan\u021bi: 50 mg\/m\u00b2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 200 mg\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n<li>Indicele de pierdere a solului (SLI): Media lunar\u0103 a SLI 2% p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4%.<\/li>\n<li>Pierdere zilnic\u0103 de sol (DSL): DSL \u00eentre 1% \u0219i 3%.<\/li>\n<li>Eroare relativ\u0103 (RE): RE \u00eentre 5% \u0219i 15%.<\/li>\n<li>Eroarea medie p\u0103tratic\u0103 (RMSE): RMSE \u00eentre 10% \u0219i 20%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Formule de calcul:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Indicele de pierdere a solului (SLI)<\/strong>:\n<pre>SLI = (P_cur\u0103\u021bare - P_murdare) \/ P_cur\u0103\u021bare * 100%<\/pre>\n<p>Unde P_clean este generarea de energie dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare, iar P_dirty este generarea de energie dup\u0103 contaminare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pierderea zilnic\u0103 de sol (DSL)<\/strong>:\n<pre>DSL = (P_cur\u0103\u021bare_zilnic\u0103 - P_murdarie_zilnic\u0103) \/ P_cur\u0103\u021bare_zilnic\u0103 * 100%<\/pre>\n<p>Unde P_clean_daily este generarea zilnic\u0103 de energie dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare, iar P_dirty_daily este generarea zilnic\u0103 de energie dup\u0103 contaminare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recomand\u0103ri privind frecven\u021ba de cur\u0103\u021bare:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zone de\u0219ertice<\/strong>1-2 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, din cauza furtunilor frecvente de nisip.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone rurale<\/strong>La fiecare 1-2 luni, \u00een special \u00een timpul anotimpurilor cu mai mult praf \u0219i excremente de p\u0103s\u0103ri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone urbane<\/strong>La fiecare 1-2 luni, deoarece poluarea se acumuleaz\u0103 mai repede.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone industriale<\/strong>1-2 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, din cauza emisiilor mari de poluan\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zonele de coast\u0103<\/strong>La fiecare 2 luni, deoarece impactul s\u0103rii este mai mare \u0219i precipita\u021biile s-ar putea s\u0103 nu fie suficiente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone agricole<\/strong>La fiecare 1-2 luni, din cauza reziduurilor de pesticide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Poluare sever\u0103<\/h2>\n<h3>Defini\u0163ie:<\/h3>\n<p>Poluarea sever\u0103 este caracterizat\u0103 de acumularea extrem de mare de contaminan\u021bi pe panourile solare, afect\u00e2nd semnificativ eficien\u021ba gener\u0103rii de energie a acestora. De obicei, aceasta implic\u0103 straturi groase de praf, pete r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite sau cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de excremente de p\u0103s\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3095\" src=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dc761b836edf17ae4a995d17a09a2af.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e2t des trebuie cur\u0103\u021bate panourile solare?\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dc761b836edf17ae4a995d17a09a2af.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dc761b836edf17ae4a995d17a09a2af-291x300.jpg 291w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dc761b836edf17ae4a995d17a09a2af-992x1024.jpg 992w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dc761b836edf17ae4a995d17a09a2af-768x793.jpg 768w, https:\/\/todos-china.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/dc761b836edf17ae4a995d17a09a2af-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Indicatori de evaluare:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Acumulare de contaminan\u021bi: &gt; 200 mg\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n<li>Indicele de pierdere a solului (SLI): SLI mediu lunar &gt; 4%.<\/li>\n<li>Pierdere zilnic\u0103 de sol (DSL): DSL &gt; 3%.<\/li>\n<li>Eroare relativ\u0103 (RE): RE &gt; 15%.<\/li>\n<li>Eroarea medie p\u0103tratic\u0103 (RMSE): RMSE &gt; 20%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Formule de calcul:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Indicele de pierdere a solului (SLI)<\/strong>:\n<pre>SLI = (P_cur\u0103\u021bare - P_murdare) \/ P_cur\u0103\u021bare * 100%<\/pre>\n<p>Unde P_clean este generarea de energie dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare, iar P_dirty este generarea de energie dup\u0103 contaminare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pierderea zilnic\u0103 de sol (DSL)<\/strong>:\n<pre>DSL = (P_cur\u0103\u021bare_zilnic\u0103 - P_murdarie_zilnic\u0103) \/ P_cur\u0103\u021bare_zilnic\u0103 * 100%<\/pre>\n<p>Unde P_clean_daily este generarea zilnic\u0103 de energie dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare, iar P_dirty_daily este generarea zilnic\u0103 de energie dup\u0103 contaminare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recomand\u0103ri privind frecven\u021ba de cur\u0103\u021bare:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zone de\u0219ertice<\/strong>La fiecare 3 zile sau mai frecvent din cauza acumul\u0103rii rapide de contaminan\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone rurale<\/strong>Lunar, chiar dac\u0103 este relativ curat, dar \u00een anumite anotimpuri se m\u0103re\u0219te murd\u0103ria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone urbane<\/strong>Lunar, din cauza acumul\u0103rii puternice de poluare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone industriale<\/strong>La fiecare 3 zile, emisiile industriale provoac\u0103 acumularea rapid\u0103 de murd\u0103rie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zonele de coast\u0103<\/strong>Lunar, deoarece umiditatea \u0219i sarea afecteaz\u0103 mai mult panourile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone agricole<\/strong>Lunar, din cauza reziduurilor de pesticide \u0219i a prafului suplimentar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Evaluarea efectului de cur\u0103\u021bare<\/h2>\n<h3>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei<\/strong>Un exemplu din Wuhan arat\u0103 c\u0103 o central\u0103 fotovoltaic\u0103 de 8 MW pe acoperi\u0219 poate cre\u0219te produc\u021bia anual\u0103 cu 720.000 kWh cu o \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire a eficacit\u0103\u021bii de 10% dup\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reducerea costurilor<\/strong>Reduce costurile de \u00eentre\u021binere a acoperi\u0219ului \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 un sistem de ap\u0103 costisitor pentru \u00eentre\u021binere, atenu\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp cre\u0219terile viitoare ale costurilor cu for\u021ba de munc\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Concluzie<\/h2>\n<p>Ciclul optim de cur\u0103\u021bare pentru centralele fotovoltaice ar trebui s\u0103 se ajusteze dinamic \u00een func\u021bie de severitatea polu\u0103rii \u0219i de condi\u021biile de mediu. Poluarea u\u0219oar\u0103 necesit\u0103 cur\u0103\u021bare la fiecare 7 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, poluarea moderat\u0103 la fiecare 1-2 luni, iar poluarea sever\u0103 la fiecare 1-2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Iat\u0103 recomand\u0103rile de cur\u0103\u021bare bazate pe diferite scenarii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zone de\u0219ertice<\/strong>U\u0219oar\u0103 \u2013 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal, Moderat\u0103 \u2013 de 1-2 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, Sever\u0103 \u2013 la fiecare 3 zile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone rurale<\/strong>U\u0219oar\u0103 \u2013 la fiecare 2 luni, Moderat\u0103 \u2013 la 1-2 luni, Sever\u0103 \u2013 lunar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone urbane<\/strong>U\u0219oar\u0103 \u2013 lunar, Moderat\u0103 \u2013 la 1-2 luni, Sever\u0103 \u2013 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone industriale<\/strong>U\u0219oar\u0103 \u2013 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal, Moderat\u0103 \u2013 la 1-2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, Sever\u0103 \u2013 la fiecare 3 zile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zonele de coast\u0103<\/strong>U\u0219oar\u0103 \u2013 la fiecare 3 luni, Moderat\u0103 \u2013 la fiecare 2 luni, Sever\u0103 \u2013 lunar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone agricole<\/strong>U\u0219oar\u0103 \u2013 la fiecare 2 luni, Moderat\u0103 \u2013 la 1-2 luni, Sever\u0103 \u2013 lunar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"elementor-post__title\"><strong>V\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi metoda de calcul detaliat\u0103:<a href=\"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/evaluarea-curatarii-centralelor-fotovoltaice\/\">Formule de calcul pentru efectele \u0219i intervalele de cur\u0103\u021bare a centralelor fotovoltaice<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aplicarea sistemelor inteligente de cur\u0103\u021bare \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te semnificativ eficien\u021ba cur\u0103\u021b\u0103rii, reduce costurile cu for\u021ba de munc\u0103 \u0219i maximizeaz\u0103 generarea de energie. \u00cen calitate de produc\u0103tor de robo\u021bi de cur\u0103\u021bare, optimizarea continu\u0103 a designului \u0219i tehnologiei robo\u021bilor este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a oferi solu\u021bii de cur\u0103\u021bare mai eficiente \u0219i mai fiabile pentru dezvoltarea durabil\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bionarea eficient\u0103 a centralelor fotovoltaice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The level of contamination on photovoltaic power plants directly affects their power generation efficiency and economic benefits. For better management and maintenance of photovoltaic plants, it is crucial to understand the definitions and calculation methods of mild, moderate, and severe pollution, as well as cleaning frequency recommendations under different scenarios based on cleaning robot recommendations. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3139"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3139\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todos-china.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}